Casing Leak Repair to Continue Hydraulic Fractures Stimulation

A casing leak repair alternative is presented to allow continued hydraulic fracture treatment of an unconventional formation. Analysis of diagnostic operations, selection of the best alternative, and the results are detailed. This paper details the diagnostic operations (annular circulation test, multifinger caliper log, leak chase with hydraulic packer on Coiled Tubing, fluid transit evaluation, and real-time camera downhole images acquisition) to identify the casing leak zone and the analyzed repair alternatives with the final selection of a casing patch. To verify the pipe body shield strength and burst pressure post-patch expansion, a finite element analysis in dynamic condition was carried out to limit the hydraulic fracture pumping parameters. This paper covers details on repair operations executed, verification analysis to confirm original frac treatment continuity, and lower & upper completion installation. The diagnostics operations allowed pinpointing casing leak detection and selection of possible repair alternatives. The repair was carried out as planned involving many services companies. A solution was implemented with local staff and services considering the COVID context with travel restrictions of the patch owners. Web broadcasting CT surface parameters allowed real-time support from casing patch suppliers during the entire intervention. The completion plan with 24 frac stages performed through the casing patch was successfully executed. The production packer with an OD of 99.5% of the casing patch drift was run through the casing patch and wireline set without any problem. Considering well integrity conditions throughout the entire well production life as the main intervention objective, this paper introduces a successful alternative to repair casing failures on an unconventional well that allowed hydraulic fractures continuity to accomplish the original frac plan. The well production was higher than the Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) expected for the landing zone. Copyright 2023, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. Experience in a Mexican Third level Medical Facility

Background: Covid-19 is a novel coronavirus disease with a broad clinical spectrum that has spread globally. Regional information is needed to inform the decision making for health care providers. Aim(s): Describe the presenting characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of hospitalized patients in a tertiary Mexican hospital. Material(s) and Method(s): Retrospective cohort study of 619 consecutive patients admitted to a Third Level Medical Facility in Puebla, between April 3rd and October 17th, 2020 with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 by RT-PCR. The data included demographics, socioeconomic data, level of education, clinical data of the entire admission, and the outcome at the moment of discharge. Result(s): All patients had pneumonia. Median age was 55 years, 91% had at least one comorbidity and the most frequent were: overweight/obesity (78.2%), hypertension (35.2%) and diabetes mellitus (20.5%). Fever, malaise, and cough were the most common presenting symptoms. D-dimer, fibrinogen, glucose calcium, blood gases and organ damage markers were the most frequent laboratory test values altered. Around 35.1% of patients required invasive ventilation. The overall mortality was 31% and the poorest outcome was seen in those mechanically ventilated outside ICU. Conclusion(s): Overweight, obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbid conditions. Fever, malaise, and cough were the most common initial symptoms. Monocytopenia rather than lymphopenia was seen in this cohort. The highest mortality rate was seen in patients on mechanical ventilation outside UCI. Copyright © 2022 Academia de Ciencias Medicas de Bilbao. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 Illness: Mother–Baby Separation, Viruses, and Breastfeeding

Objectives: Some hospitals have instituted separation of mothers and their newborn(s) when SARS-CoV-2 is suspected or confirmed in the mother. Limited data are available for SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission, including studies on breast milk. This article looks at SARS CoV-2 case studies and data to date as well as prior pertinent research. Methods: Informal searches of PUBMED, CINAHL and Ovid Emcare were used to identify early reports of vertical transmissions of the novel Coronavirus, case reports, and population based reports of early evolving protocols and their outcomes. As this is a novel virus the authors used previously identified anti-infectivity and antiviral mechanisms of human milk on other similar viruses to guide analysis. Further this article reviewed the well established literature regarding the risks of undue infant separation which negatively affect nearly every aspect of infant and maternal health. Results: Informal searches conducted in the spring and early summer of 2020 identified 14 early reports attempting to analyze the initial and evolving global response to SARS-CoV-2 and the effects of the virus on the maternal-infant dyad. Conclusion: The feasibility of single-family rooms and support for breastfeeding as an alternative approach that addresses many of the risks favorably and reduces economic cost, both in lifetime disease burden and direct care are discussed. Initial reports seem to indicate that immediate separation of the mother from her newborn is likely to increase the risk to both mother and infant. © Copyright 2021 United States Lactation Consulting Association.